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right Sarah Caldwell (March 6, 1924March 23, 2006) was an American opera conductor, impresario, and stage director of opera. == Life == Caldwell was born in Maryville, Missouri, and grew up in Fayetteville, Arkansas. She was a child prodigy and gave public performances on the violin by the time she was ten years old. She graduated from Fayetteville High School at the age of 14. Caldwell graduated from Hendrix College in 1944 and attended the University of Arkansas as well as the New England Conservatory of Music. She won a scholarship as a viola player at the Berkshire Music Center in 1946. In 1947, she staged Vaughan Williams's ''Riders to the Sea''. For 11 years she served as the chief assistant to Boris Goldovsky. Caldwell moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1952 and became head of the Boston University opera workshop. In 1957 she started the Boston Opera Group, which became the Opera Company of Boston, where she staged a wide range of operas, establishing a reputation for producing difficult works under pressure. She was also known for putting together interesting variations on standard operas. Highlights in Boston that she conducted and/or stage directed included ''La voyage de la lune'', ''Otello'' (with Tito Gobbi as Iago), ''Command Performance'' (world premiere), ''Manon'' and ''Faust'' (both with Beverly Sills and Norman Treigle), ''Lulu'' (U.S. East Coast premiere), ''I puritani'' (with Dame Joan Sutherland), ''Intolleranza'' (U.S. premiere), ''Boris Godunov'' (original version), ''Hippolyte et Aricie'' (U.S. stage premiere, with Plácido Domingo), ''La bohème'' (with Renata Tebaldi and Domingo), ''Moses und Aron'' (U.S. premiere), ''The Rake's Progress'', ''Bluebeard's Castle'', ''Carmen'' (with Marilyn Horne), ''Macbeth'' (original version), ''The Good Soldier Schweik'', ''The Fisherman and His Wife'' (world premiere, with Muriel Costa-Greenspon), ''La finta giardiniera'', ''Norma'' (with Sills), ''Les Troyens'', ''Don Carlos'' (U.S. premiere of original French version), ''Don Quichotte'', ''War and Peace'' (U.S. stage premiere, with Arlene Saunders), ''Benvenuto Cellini'' (U.S. premiere, with Jon Vickers), ''I Capuleti e i Montecchi'', ''Montezuma'' (U.S. premiere), ''Ruslan and Ludmila'' (U.S. premiere), ''Rigoletto'' (with Sills, Richard Fredricks, and Susanne Marsee), ''Stiffelio'' (U.S. stage premiere), ''La damnation de Faust'', ''Tosca'' (with Magda Olivero), ''La vide breve'', ''El retablo de maese Pedro'', ''The Ice Break'' (U.S. premiere), ''Aïda'' (with Shirley Verrett in the title role), ''Die Soldaten'' (U.S. premiere), ''The Invisible City of Kitezh'', ''Taverner'' (U.S. premiere), ''The Makropoulos Case'' (with Anja Silja, William Cochran, and Chester Ludgin), ''Médée'' (in French and Greek), ''Dead Souls'' (U.S. premiere), ''Der Rosenkavalier'' (with Dame Gwyneth Jones) and, finally, ''The Balcony'' (world premiere, 1990). At the New York City Opera, Caldwell staged ''Der junge Lord'' and ''Ariadne auf Naxos'' (with Carol Neblett), both in 1973. In 1976, she both conducted and directed ''Il barbiere di Siviglia'' (with Sills and Alan Titus), which was televised over PBS, and did the same for ''Falstaff'' (with Donald Gramm) in 1979. In 1976, Caldwell became the first female conductor at the Metropolitan Opera, with ''La traviata'' (with Sills).〔 〕 In 1978, she led ''L'elisir d'amore'' there, with José Carreras and Judith Blegen. She appeared with the New York Philharmonic, the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Also in 1976 she directed John La Montaine's U.S. Bicentennial opera ''Be Glad Then, America'' with Odetta (Muse for America), Donald Gramm (various patriots), Richard Lewis (King George III), David Lloyd (Town Crier), and the Penn State University Choirs and the Pittsburgh Symphony. Caldwell also directed one non-musical production, the 1981 Lincoln Center staging of Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'', presented on cable TV in 1982. It starred Philip Anglim and Maureen Anderman, with a then-unknown Kelsey Grammer in the supporting role of Ross. In 1975 Caldwell received a D.F.A. from Bates College. In 1996 she received the National Medal of Arts. She has been inducted into the Arkansas Entertainers Hall of Fame. In the 1980s, Opera New England, a branch of Ms. Caldwell's Opera Company of Boston, was the touring ambassador of opera to the New England states. She employed young professional singers in productions that were fully staged and with orchestra. She organized financing through local, state and federal funding which included the National Endowment for the Arts, Massachusetts Council of the Arts & Humanities, Connecticut Commission on the Arts, New Hampshire Commission of the Arts and the Maine Commission on the Arts & Humanities. She died, aged 82, at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine, from heart failure. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sarah Caldwell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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